Questions

1.Athens was smaller than Sparta in 500 B.C. Athens was near a sea so they have the better location because they have more transportation.

2. Limited democracy ( Athens) - a republic where voters elect officials into office to make decisions for them. Oligarchy (Sparta)-  a state in which supreme power is held by a small group

4. Athens has a better navy than Sparta because they were closer to the water.

5. Athens did. NO because they lived closer to water.

6. Sparta because they almost had the same rights as men.

LO3

Citizens and Communities: The Greek City-States 

• acropolis- the high fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek town
• hoplite- a heavily armed and armored citizen-soldier of ancient Greece
• phalanx- a unit of several hundred hoplites, who closed ranks by joining shields when approaching the enemy
• monarchy- a state in which supreme power is help by a single, usually hereditary ruler
• oligarchy- a state in which supreme power is held by a small group 
• triremes- massive fighting vessels with three banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ships
• tyranny- rule by a self-proclaimed dictator
• democracy in ancient Greece, a form of government in which all adult male citizens were entitled to take part in decision making
• helots- non citizens forced to work for landholders in the ancient city-state of Sparta
• aristocrats- members of prominent and long-established Athenian families 

Greeks 

Mycenaeans 

• began around 2000 BC
• made them selves into a fortress with a 20 ft. wall
• controlled Greek trading 
• dominated Greece from 1600-1200 BC 
• controlled Crete and absorbed there culture 
• teamed up with the people they conquered

Culture in Decline 

• the sea people invaded the Mycenaeans around 1200 BC 
•  The Dorians moved into the war-town 
• less advanced
• collapsing economy
• writing disappeared for 400 years

Homer 

• Homer may be a myth 
• Homer was an old blind poet 
• composed the Iliad and the Odyssey 
• Iliad 
• about the Trojan Wars
• included gods fighting in the wars
• Odyssey 
• about a war hero who angered Pisiden   
• blown off course by the water god
• goes on a 10 year journey to get home to his wife and son

Greek Concepts 

• Arete 
• virtue and excellence
• Epics 
• narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds
• Myths
• created to explain creation and origin  

Ancient Greeks

• Greeks had many new ideas 
• created incredible art forms 
• created democratic government with citizen participation 
• innovators in warfare 
• different ways of going into war
• 4000 BC- farming and village life spread from Sumerian and Egyptian lands
• 3500 BC- constructed megaliths to make monuments and tombs
• people think aliens lifted the 50 tons stones 
• 2500 BC- European nomads migrated from the steppes in eastern Europe 
• there language evolved into Greek and Latin
• there lives centered around strength and courage
• tribes were groups of people who are grouped together on what they have in common
• gave there gods human characteristics 
• tribes were headed by kings/warlords 
• good at trading and warfare
• ancient Greeks were nomads but didn't have starvation problems because they were good at farming, hunting, and fighting
• Greeks were barbarians 
• adopted the way of life of other tribes 
• they were the beginning of western civilization 
• further developed than people in the middle ages 
• Greeks lived on a mountainous peninsula
• only people who had olives  
•  location shaped culture 
• poor natural resources 
• 20% was suitable for farming 
• healthy diet- grains, grapes, olives
• lack of resources most likely led to Greek colonization
• warm temperature- 48 in the winter to 80 in the summer 
• invented the Olympics because they were competitive     

Test Review 

Today in class we went over our tests on ancient Egypt. I didn't get the grade I was expecting but it's okay. There were only two questions on the entire test that the whole class got right. I wasn't very surprised on the outcome of this test. 

The First European Civilization: The Greeks

Chapter 3

• Barbarians are people that had a distinctive way of life, based on farming and warfare. 
• "Within classical Greek civilization there appeared ideas, art forms, and types of government whose influence on western civilization has lasted down to the present day."
• The earliest Greek civilization was very much an offshoot of the ways of life of their eastern neighbors. 
• Citadel and Shrine: the Athenian Acropolis was already ancient when its temples were rebuilt after Persian invaders destroyed them in the 5th century
• Barbarian-a term used to describe the distinctive way of life based on farming, warfare, and tribal organization that became widespread in Europe beginning around 2500BC
• Megaliths: massive rough-cut stones used to construct monuments and tombs
• Tribe: a social and political unit consisting of a group of communities held together by common interests, traditions, and real or mythical ties of kinship
• Over tree thousand yrs. up to the time of the Persian Empire, civilization had spread from its Sumerian and Egyptian homelands right across southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa
• Even before this historic encounter, the way of life of the peoples of Europe had undergone many changes and advances
• The early Europeans cannot have had any sense of common identity, but time most of them came to share a distinctive way of life
• "When a leading warrior died, his horses and chariot, his bronze swords and daggers, and his gold and silver drinking cups would all go to the grave with him- presumably so that he could go riding, fighting, and drinking as a comrade of the gods in  the afterlife."
• People began to speak languages of Indo-European origin that were distant ancestors of Greek and Latin
• Stonehenge: the most famous megalithic structures was built by a farming and trading people in the west of England
• About 2200bc a distinct civilization, known today as Minoan arose on the Aegan island of Crete
• The Master of the Animals: this Cretan gold pendant made about 1700BC shows a powerful being with geese in each hand and bull's horn looming behind him
• Mycenaean civilization lasted shortly after 1200BC
• The Greeks settled in mainland Greece

Cyber Day 2

short answer a.- The Egyptians created very important things that grew and prospered through the ages. They invented sail boats, pyramids, and cuneiform. All of these are very important in the history of the world. 

short answer b.- The pyramids are ancient monument that are still standing today. Three important features of the pyramids are the granite stones, the triangle shape, and the inside rooms of the pyramid. Pyramids are very interesting to study. 

   

Cyber Day 1

This is our first day of cyber school. I am recapping on what we have learned so far in west civ. I think that cyber day is a good idea but not when it's a state emergency and we don't need to make up this day. 

The social hierarchy in ancient Egypt goes from slaves/servants, farmers, artisans, merchants, scribes, soldiers, priests, nobles, than pharaohs. Slaves and servants are at the bottom of the hierarchy. They work for the "government' building pyramids, or they'll work for wealth home owners with cooks, cleaning, and child care. Farmers grow crops like wheat and barley to supply for the Egyptians. Artisans sculpt people and paint important scenes in life. Merchants work in stores and sell good. Scribes kept records, wrote stories, and wrote medical treatments. soldiers fought for Egypt under the Pharaoh. Priests and nobles were the government and were known as the "white kilt class". The Pharaoh is the ruler of everyone and everything and is brought up as a god. 

The Nile river is very important the the Egyptians. The Nile river is where they get there water supply and fertile soil for crop growing. Every July it floods and every October it leaves rich soil for farming. The Nile river gives them everything they need to live. They also use it for transportation of boats for trade and relocating. 

   

John Green Video 

Today in class we watched a video with the author of "The Fault in our Stars", John Green. He recapped on everything we learned about ancient Egypt. He talked about how everyone lived along the Nile River, the Pharaohs reigned, and the inventions the ancient Egyptians discovered. We also talked about the cyber day and how it will be set up. I think it's pointless for us to have one since we don't have to make up this day because it's a state of emergency.  

Ancient Egyptians 

•ancient Egyptians used the Nile river for drinking water, irrigating, bathing, and transformation

•every July it flooded and every October it leaves rich soil

•the delta is a marshy triangular area of fertile silt

•Egyptians recognized how the river worked

•Built the great sphinx in 2555-2532 BC

•The great sphinx was a statue with a lion head and a human body

• The great sphinx is the oldest monumental Statue in the world

•farmers raised wheat, barley, lentils, and onions

•Artisans would carve statues  paint important things

•merchants would use a barter system. coins were later made.

•scribes kept records, told Stories, and wrote medical treatments

•soldiers used wooden weapons with  bronze tips and rode chariots

•Noblest priests were known as the  "white kilt Class"

•The pharaoh is the political  religious leader and the high priest  of every temple in upper and lower Egypt.

•slaves were not abused

•slaves helped wealthy house owners clean, cook, and take care of the kids

•Pharaohs

• Nobles, priests

•soldiers

•scribes

•merchants

•Artisans

•farmers

slaves and servants

Land of the Pharaohs: Egypt

•All about & around the Nile River

•more than 90%. lived around the Nile River

•The Nile River is the main

source of life

•Powered over by a Pharaohs

•Pharaohs were known as  "half god/ half human"

Ancient Egyptians leaned how to harvest and plant

•"maat "means everything is  going well

•Pharaohs were thrown out of power if everything was not "maat"

•Pharaohs had many wives

•women's rights in ancient Egypt were decent

•Pharaohs were combined with animals with a human head on an animal body or an animal head with a human  body.

•Egyptians believed in an after-life and mummified bodies to preserve them for the post-death journey either to go to an after-life paradise or the jaws of a monster

•used hieroglyphs (little pictures used to write things down)

•had scribes to write things down

•used papyrus as paper

•Egyptian astronomers created a calendar with 365 days

•made potions to help people when they were sick

•wooden sailboats were made

•pyramids were made from stone tombs covered in marble

Lo3 Land of the Pharaohs: Egypt

-Grew up in a thin strip of fertile land,  

-The people of the Nile influenced and dominated

-Turned some of these other city-states in to Egypt 

-stretches along the lower reaches of the 4,000 mile course

-Divided into two sections "Two lands" 

-Upper Egypt: narrow stripe of fertile land 500 miles long

-Lower Egypt: fan-shaped pattern of waterways formed by the Nile 

Government by a God King

Tending to the "cattle of the God"

All men and women were under the Pharaoh,

The Great Sphinx- body of a lion, head of king Kafre