Pg. 101, 103-107

Assassination and Another Caesar

- people were disturbed by Caesars power

- in 44 B.C. Caesar was voted dictator for life

- Caesar had become a Greek styled tyrant

- on March 15th, 44 B.C. Caesar was assassinated by being stabbed to death from the senators

- Caesars death stared a civil war

- the war was fought between Mark Antony and Octavian Caesar

- Julius Caesar was proclaimed a "Divine Being"

- Octavian became a a supreme warlord

LO1

- Soon after Octavian's triumph at Actium, the Senate conferred on him a new title, Augustus, The name under which he has gone down in history 

- Now that he was supreme ruler, Augustus intended to stay in power, reconstruct the failed government of the Roman City state, and keep its empire together 

- Princeps- 'First citizen" a traditional Roman name for prominent leaders who were considered indispensable to the republic that came to be used by Augustus and other early emperors 

- By arrangement with The Senate in 27 B.C. Augusts was confirmed as commander in chief if the armed forces, which included civil and military control off all provinces with garrisons  

-He did not bring back the "mixed" government that had once been the source if its stability and vitality 

- Augusts was not the first powerful Roman to be worshiped in this way, But this time the practice spread well beyond Anatolia 

- He also acquired the title of Father of the Fatherland

-Said on his death bed that he thought he was turning into a god

- "The era of the Roman peace was one of massive social, religious, and cultural changes that would form a new pattern of Western Civilization."

- Augustus began a whole series of large-scale reforms

- Brought the system of government appointments under his personal control

- avoided breaking with tradition

- showed respect for local institutions and encouraged provincial leaders to fulfill their responsibilities

- reorganized the army to ensure the loyalty of the rank-and-file soldiers

- gradually brought that all soldiers were volunteers

- this caused Augustus and his successors to break with the Roman tradition and create the world's 1st professional army

- Augustus wanted his successor to come from his family

- Augustus had no sons so he chose Tiberius

- Augustus adopted Tiberius to give him hereditary standings

- Augustus dies in 14 A.D.

- Tiberius took over without a challenge

- Caesars last decedent was Nero

- Nero was overthrown after a tyrannical reign

- No one thought to restore the government to a Republic

- Augustus - The imperial title given to a reigning emperor.

- Roman Peace - A term used to refer to the relative stability and prosperity that Roman rule brought to the Mediterranean world and much of the western Europe during the first and second centuries A.D.

- Most of the earliest Latin literary works no longer exist, but many comedies staged in the third and second centuries B.C. by Platus and Terence are still performed today.  

- Their works  were based on Greek comedies of the Hellenistic era, adapted to the rough and tumble tastes of Roman Audiences.