Questions

1.Athens was smaller than Sparta in 500 B.C. Athens was near a sea so they have the better location because they have more transportation.

2. Limited democracy ( Athens) - a republic where voters elect officials into office to make decisions for them. Oligarchy (Sparta)-  a state in which supreme power is held by a small group

4. Athens has a better navy than Sparta because they were closer to the water.

5. Athens did. NO because they lived closer to water.

6. Sparta because they almost had the same rights as men.

LO3

Citizens and Communities: The Greek City-States 

• acropolis- the high fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek town
• hoplite- a heavily armed and armored citizen-soldier of ancient Greece
• phalanx- a unit of several hundred hoplites, who closed ranks by joining shields when approaching the enemy
• monarchy- a state in which supreme power is help by a single, usually hereditary ruler
• oligarchy- a state in which supreme power is held by a small group 
• triremes- massive fighting vessels with three banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ships
• tyranny- rule by a self-proclaimed dictator
• democracy in ancient Greece, a form of government in which all adult male citizens were entitled to take part in decision making
• helots- non citizens forced to work for landholders in the ancient city-state of Sparta
• aristocrats- members of prominent and long-established Athenian families 

Greeks 

Mycenaeans 

• began around 2000 BC
• made them selves into a fortress with a 20 ft. wall
• controlled Greek trading 
• dominated Greece from 1600-1200 BC 
• controlled Crete and absorbed there culture 
• teamed up with the people they conquered

Culture in Decline 

• the sea people invaded the Mycenaeans around 1200 BC 
•  The Dorians moved into the war-town 
• less advanced
• collapsing economy
• writing disappeared for 400 years

Homer 

• Homer may be a myth 
• Homer was an old blind poet 
• composed the Iliad and the Odyssey 
• Iliad 
• about the Trojan Wars
• included gods fighting in the wars
• Odyssey 
• about a war hero who angered Pisiden   
• blown off course by the water god
• goes on a 10 year journey to get home to his wife and son

Greek Concepts 

• Arete 
• virtue and excellence
• Epics 
• narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds
• Myths
• created to explain creation and origin  

Ancient Greeks

• Greeks had many new ideas 
• created incredible art forms 
• created democratic government with citizen participation 
• innovators in warfare 
• different ways of going into war
• 4000 BC- farming and village life spread from Sumerian and Egyptian lands
• 3500 BC- constructed megaliths to make monuments and tombs
• people think aliens lifted the 50 tons stones 
• 2500 BC- European nomads migrated from the steppes in eastern Europe 
• there language evolved into Greek and Latin
• there lives centered around strength and courage
• tribes were groups of people who are grouped together on what they have in common
• gave there gods human characteristics 
• tribes were headed by kings/warlords 
• good at trading and warfare
• ancient Greeks were nomads but didn't have starvation problems because they were good at farming, hunting, and fighting
• Greeks were barbarians 
• adopted the way of life of other tribes 
• they were the beginning of western civilization 
• further developed than people in the middle ages 
• Greeks lived on a mountainous peninsula
• only people who had olives  
•  location shaped culture 
• poor natural resources 
• 20% was suitable for farming 
• healthy diet- grains, grapes, olives
• lack of resources most likely led to Greek colonization
• warm temperature- 48 in the winter to 80 in the summer 
• invented the Olympics because they were competitive     

Test Review 

Today in class we went over our tests on ancient Egypt. I didn't get the grade I was expecting but it's okay. There were only two questions on the entire test that the whole class got right. I wasn't very surprised on the outcome of this test. 

The First European Civilization: The Greeks

Chapter 3

• Barbarians are people that had a distinctive way of life, based on farming and warfare. 
• "Within classical Greek civilization there appeared ideas, art forms, and types of government whose influence on western civilization has lasted down to the present day."
• The earliest Greek civilization was very much an offshoot of the ways of life of their eastern neighbors. 
• Citadel and Shrine: the Athenian Acropolis was already ancient when its temples were rebuilt after Persian invaders destroyed them in the 5th century
• Barbarian-a term used to describe the distinctive way of life based on farming, warfare, and tribal organization that became widespread in Europe beginning around 2500BC
• Megaliths: massive rough-cut stones used to construct monuments and tombs
• Tribe: a social and political unit consisting of a group of communities held together by common interests, traditions, and real or mythical ties of kinship
• Over tree thousand yrs. up to the time of the Persian Empire, civilization had spread from its Sumerian and Egyptian homelands right across southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa
• Even before this historic encounter, the way of life of the peoples of Europe had undergone many changes and advances
• The early Europeans cannot have had any sense of common identity, but time most of them came to share a distinctive way of life
• "When a leading warrior died, his horses and chariot, his bronze swords and daggers, and his gold and silver drinking cups would all go to the grave with him- presumably so that he could go riding, fighting, and drinking as a comrade of the gods in  the afterlife."
• People began to speak languages of Indo-European origin that were distant ancestors of Greek and Latin
• Stonehenge: the most famous megalithic structures was built by a farming and trading people in the west of England
• About 2200bc a distinct civilization, known today as Minoan arose on the Aegan island of Crete
• The Master of the Animals: this Cretan gold pendant made about 1700BC shows a powerful being with geese in each hand and bull's horn looming behind him
• Mycenaean civilization lasted shortly after 1200BC
• The Greeks settled in mainland Greece

Cyber Day 2

short answer a.- The Egyptians created very important things that grew and prospered through the ages. They invented sail boats, pyramids, and cuneiform. All of these are very important in the history of the world. 

short answer b.- The pyramids are ancient monument that are still standing today. Three important features of the pyramids are the granite stones, the triangle shape, and the inside rooms of the pyramid. Pyramids are very interesting to study.